Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Zhongguo Gongchandang Lijie Zhongyang Weiyuan Dacidian, 1921-2003
Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi chubanshe 2004
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 3/3/2004
Career Data Updated: 1/10/2007
Deputy Commander of the Headquarters of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Alternate Member of the 16th CPC Central Committee